Randolph's housing stock reflects more than two centuries of settlement layered with substantial postwar growth. The township contains everything from small nineteenth-century farmhouses and historic village homes to 1950s cape cods and ranches, alongside large center-hall colonials and newer estate-style homes built in recent decades. Much of the residential fabric is single-family and suburban, with lots that tend to be larger than in denser New Jersey boroughs, and several neighborhoods are organized around lakes or wooded cul-de-sacs. Development accelerated beginning in the 1960s as the area transitioned from farming country to a commuter community, producing a mix of established mid-century subdivisions and more contemporary construction. The result is a varied market where buyers can find both historic character and modern square footage within a single township.

Randolph is a patchwork of distinct neighborhoods, many of which carry the names of the hamlets and villages that preceded the modern township. Ironia, in the western part of town, was a nineteenth-century iron-mining settlement, while Millbrook sits in a narrow valley where early Quaker settlers ran mills along the stream in the early 1800s. Mount Freedom, Center Grove, and Fernbrook are among the other long-established sections, each with its own street pattern and character. Shongum Lake and several other lake communities offer homes with water access and a more resort-like feel. Newer subdivisions have filled in the spaces between these older centers, so that the township reads as a collection of quiet, green neighborhoods connected by winding two-lane roads rather than a single concentrated downtown.

Life in Randolph centers on the outdoors, the schools, and a steady calendar of community activities. The township's recreation department runs leagues, classes, and events across a well-developed park system, and the Brundage Park complex in particular serves as a hub with sports fields, courts, a skate park, walking trails, and a community playhouse. The presence of the County College of Morris brings educational and cultural programming to the area, while the neighboring town of Morristown, a short drive east, offers a downtown of restaurants, theaters, and the historic sites of the American Revolution. Residents tend to be families and commuters who prize the balance of wooded open space, strong schools, and convenient access to both suburban amenities and the New York metro region.

Randolph is served by the Randolph Township School District, a comprehensive public system covering pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade. The district operates six schools and serves roughly 4,300 students across the township. Its schools are a central draw for families moving to the area and are consistently cited among the strengths of the community. In addition to the K-12 district, the County College of Morris maintains its main campus in Randolph, offering associate degrees, workforce programs, and continuing education that extend educational opportunities beyond the public school system and into the broader region.

Randolph sits within convenient reach of northern New Jersey's principal highway network. Route 10 runs directly through the township, connecting west to Roxbury and east toward the Interstate 287 corridor, while Interstates 80 and 287 and Route 46 are all accessible within minutes for travel across the region. NJ Transit bus service operates along Route 10, and commuter rail is available from the neighboring stations at Dover, Denville, Morris Plains, and Morristown, providing service toward Hoboken and New York City. The area is car-oriented for daily errands, but the proximity of multiple rail options gives commuters flexibility for travel into the city and throughout Morris County.

Randolph's park system is one of the defining features of the township. Brundage Park, on Carrell Road, anchors local recreation with six lighted tennis courts, four softball fields, two basketball courts, a skate park, a four-mile paved walking and jogging trail, and the Brundage Park Playhouse, which stages community theater productions. The township's parks and recreation department also maintains additional neighborhood parks, ballfields, and open space throughout its 21 square miles, supporting organized sports leagues and seasonal events. The surrounding Morris County landscape of wooded ridges and lakes provides further opportunities for hiking and outdoor activity, while nearby Morristown offers the trails and historic grounds of the Morristown National Historical Park.